GIỚI THIỆU VỀ PHƯƠNG TRÌNH VI PHÂN .
Chương 3-
PHẦN 1 .
Trạng thái cân bằng và đường pha .
Ví dụ minh họa .
Bài tập thực hành .
Loạt bài sau đây giới thiệu về phương trình vi phân một cách tổng quan , các khái niệm cơ bản và phương pháp giải được trình bày tinh giản dễ hiểu . Bạn đọc có thể sử dụng các phần mềm hoặc công cụ online trích dẫn chi tiết trong bài viết này để hỗ trợ cho việc học tập và nghiên cứu . Ngoài ra tác giả cũng sẽ đề cập đến những ví dụ minh họa cụ thể , các mô hình thực tế có ứng dụng trong lĩnh vực phương trình vi phân .
Trần hồng Cơ .
27/01/2013 .
****************************************************************************
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License.
1. Trường hướng ( trường độ dốc , trường vec tơ ) của phương trình vi phân .
1.1 Tiếp tuyến với đường cong .
Mỗi hàm khả vi là nghiệm của phương trình vi phân đều có một tiếp tuyến tại một điểm trên đồ thị của hàm số đó và phương trình tiếp tuyến tại điểm
M( xo , yo ) trên đồ thị có dạng
y - yo = f ' (xo) ( x - xo )
Ví dụ . Khảo sát hàm số bậc 3
Với những đoạn tiếp tuyến ngắn tại các tiếp điểm ta phác họa được trường hướng của hàm số như sau đây
1.2 Trường hướng của phương trình vi phân .
Xét phương trình vi phân y ' = f ( x , y ) trong miền D tại mỗi điểm M( xo , yo ) thuộc D ta tìm được giá trị y ' ( xo ) và biểu diễn bởi các đoạn tiếp tuyến ngắn . Việc giải phương trình vi phân thực chất là xác định một đường cong sao cho tiếp tuyến tại các điểm của nó trùng với hướng của trường tương ứng với điều kiện đầu cho trước .
Để vẽ trường hướng của phương trình vi phân ta có thể sử dụng các công cụ sau .
a. Maple .
+ Dùng lệnh >DEplot với tùy chọn linecolor = white
Xem thêm Chương 2 - Phần 4 - 3.3 c.
b. wxMaxima .
+Dùng lệnh
plotdf(dydx,...options...)
plotdf(dvdu,[u,v],...options...)
plotdf([dxdt,dydt],...options...)
plotdf([dudt,dvdt],[u,v],...options...)
Vẽ trường hướng của phương trình vi phân
Nếu cần có điều kiện đầu và phác họa đường cong tích phân ta thêm option
[trajectory_at,1,1],
[direction,forward],
[y,-5,5], [x,-5,5] vào lệnh plotdf như sau
Để vẽ trường hướng của phương trình vi phân
Khi m = 5 ta có hình sau
c. GeoGebra .
+Bạn truy cập địa chỉ http://www.geogebra.org/cms/en/portable
hoặc http://geogebra.googlecode.com/files/GeoGebra-Windows-Portable-4-2-18-0.zip tải về phần mềm GeoGebra dung lượng 40.6Mb .
+Sau đó tải tập tin difeq_field.ggb (60.12Kb) và nhập liệu phương trình vi phân cần vẽ trường hướng . Ví dụ vẽ trường hướng của phương trình vi phân
y ' = - 2 y / x , y(1) = 1
Kéo nút step ta sẽ có đường cong tích phân cần vẽ tương ứng với điều kiện đầu .
Dùng pointer di chuyển điểm M(1,1) .Tại điểm mới M(4,12) đường cong tích phân có dạng .
d. DFIELD và PPLANE trực tuyến .
+Bạn truy cập địa chỉ http://math.rice.edu/~dfield/dfpp.html nên dùng trình duyệt có tích hợp Java như Chrome hay Firefox .
Click vào DFIELD 2005.10
Ví dụ vẽ trường hướng của phương trình vi phân
y ' = - 2 y / x , y(1) = 1
Nhập liệu như hình sau
Click vào Graph Phase Plane .
Click vào điểm M(1,1) trên đồ thị ta nhận được đường cong tích phân như sau .
Xem tiếp :
http://cohtran-toan-don-gian.blogspot.com/2013/01/gioi-thieu-ve-phuong-trinh-vi-phan_27.html
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Toán học thuần túy, theo cách của riêng nó, là thi ca của tư duy logic.
Pure mathematics is, in its way, the poetry of logical ideas.
Albert Einstein .
Great ! very distinctly , good post .
Trả lờiXóaHello Kevin . W , Thanks for your comment .
XóaHighlights of 2012
Trả lờiXóaA selection of free-to-read papers that highlight the very best research published in Izvestiya: Mathematics in 2012. All these articles are free to read until 31 December 2013.
Dear Dr Co.H.Tran
Trả lờiXóaMPE2013-Net 7: February 2013
An Email Newsletter from Mathematics of Planet Earth 2013
Editor: Christiane Rousseau, Centre de recherches mathématiques
1. ICSU endorses MPE2013
2. MPE Day at UNESCO on March 5 2013
3. Workshop on Mathematics of climate change, related hazards and risks
4. MPE Simons Public Lecture series
5. MPE Blogs
6. MPE2013 in Portugal
7. MPE2013 in India
8. MPE at the American Association for Advancement of Science (AAAS)
9. MPE2013 partners
10. Posting events on the web and contributing to MPE newsletter
11. Subscribing to MPE2013-NET
_____________________________
1. ICSU ENDORSES MPE2013
The international Council of Science (ICSU) endorsed MPE2013.
The International Council for Science (ICSU) is a non-governmental
organisation with a global membership of national scientific bodies
(120 Members, representing 140 countries) and International Scientific
Unions (31 Members). ICSU’s mission is to strengthen international science
for the benefit of society. It is deeply involved in supporting research on planetary issues.
_____________________________
2. MPE DAY AT UNESCO ON MARCH 5 2013
IMU together with UNESCO will host an MPE Day at the UNESCO
Headquarters in Paris on March 5 2013 (www.mpe2013.org/mpe-day-at-UNESCO).
MPE2013 has the patronage of UNESCO, and the MPE day will be opened by Irina Bokova,
Director-General of UNESCO. This MPE Day will coincide with the European launch
of MPE2013 and with the launch of the International MPE Exhibition. The winners of the
MPE competition will receive their prize on this occasion. The program also comprises
a presentation of the film EXIT sponsored by the Cartier Foundation for art, a lecture
by Edward Lungu (Botswana) on "Utilizing the environment to manage HIV/AIDS,
a panel discussion "What can mathematics do for the planet?", and a public lecture
”Climate models: mathematical, physical and conceptual models” by Hervé Le Treut,
Director of the Institute Pierre Simon Laplace.
If you wish to get an invitation, then send a message to jj.ngome-abiaga@unesco.org
The event will take place in the Fontenoy Builing of UNESCO, 7 place de Fontenoy, room XI, Paris 75007.
-----------------------------
3. WORKSHOP ON MATHEMATICS OF CLIMATE CHANGE, RELATED NATURAL HAZARDS AND RISKS
Applications are invited of a 5-day workshop that is organized as a
satellite activity of the 2013 Mathematical Congress of the Americas
at CIMAT in Guanajuato (Mexico) during July 29 -- August 2 2013. The
workshop will bring together about 40 young researchers, mainly from
Latin America and the Caribbean and a dozen distinguished scientists,
each of which will give several lectures on a chosen topic.
The workshop is part of the world initiative "Mathematics of Planet
Earth 2013" which is endorsed by IMU (www.mpe2013.org). It is jointly
organized by IMU together with the International Union of Geodesy and
Geophysics (IUGG) and the International Union of Theoretical and
Applied Mechanics (IUTAM). It is sponsored by the International
Council of Industrial and Applied Mathematics (ICIAM). It is supported
by ICSU Regional Office for Latin America and the Caribbean, by two
interdisciplinary bodies of ICSU, namely IRDR (Integrated Research on
Disaster Risk) and WCRP, by the US National Academy of Sciences, by
the Academia Mexicana de Ciencias, and by CIMAT (Centro de
Investigación en Matemáticas) in Mexico. Hopefully the workshop will
be funded by ICSU. The members of the Scientific Committee are Susan
Friedlander (IMU), Ilya Zaliapin (IUGG) and Paul F. Linden (IUTAM).
More details and application form at: http://mpe2013.us2.list-manage1.com/track/click?u=f59ce33759e67baa06b045721&id=e9e9cebb45&e=d1dcddb9b2
cont'
Trả lờiXóa-----------------------------
4. MPE2013-SIMONS PUBLIC LECTURE SERIES
The Simons Foundation confirmed its support for a whole series of nine
MPE2013-Simons Public Lectures to take place around the world.
Each of the lecturers is a leading expert who will explain how the
mathematical sciences play a significant role in understanding and
solving some of Planet Earth’s important problems. Our community’s
best expositors and champions will cover a diverse range of research
topics at a level that is accessible to a mathematically sophisticated public audience.
High quality videos of the lectures will be produced and placed on the website of
the Simons Foundation. The first MPE2013-Simons Public Lecture was given
by Simon Levin in Melbourne (Australia) on January 29 2013 as part of
the Australian launch of MPE2013.
The next MPE2013-Simons Public Lecture will be given by:
- Emily Shuckburgh in San Francisco (USA) on March 4 2013
- Inez Fung in Cape Town (SouthAfrica) on March 26, 2013
- Ingrid Daubechies in Montreal (Canada) on April 10 2013
- Francesca Dominici in Raleigh (USA) on April 18 2013
- Rupert Klein in Berlin (Germany) on May 23 2013
- L. Mahadevan in Providence (USA) in September 2013
- Martin Nowak in Minneapolis (USA) on October 8 2013
- Emily Carter in Los Angeles (USA) on November 4 2013
-----------------------------
5. MPE BLOGS
There are now two almost daily blogs, one in English at
wwww.mpe2013.org/blog/, and one in French at http://mpe2013.us2.list-manage2.com/track/click?u=f59ce33759e67baa06b045721&id=6fd1c4ecb1&e=d1dcddb9b2.
They are running since January 1st on a variety of topics.
Both blogs are looking for bloggers!
Take a look and convince yourself that it is high time to submit a contribution!
If you want to blog in English, send a message at blog@mpe2013.org, and if you want to blog in French,
then send a message to 1jour1breve@mpt2013.fr.
Australia also holds a regular blog: http://mpe2013.us2.list-manage1.com/track/click?u=f59ce33759e67baa06b045721&id=8163671c21&e=d1dcddb9b2
-----------------------------
Trả lờiXóa6. MPE2013 IN PORTUGAL
All partners of MPE2013 in Portugal work in collaboration and they maintain a
national MPE website: http://mpe2013.us2.list-manage2.com/track/click?u=f59ce33759e67baa06b045721&id=324030541a&e=d1dcddb9b2
There are six MPE2013 international partners in Portugal: International Centre
of Mathematics (CIM), Portuguese Mathematics Society (SPM), Mathematics
Teachers Association (APM), National Museum of Natural History and Science
of Lisbon University (MNHNCUL), Science Museum of the Coimbra University (MCUC) and LUDUS Association.
The Portuguese national opening of MPE2013 will take place on March 5, at Pavilion of Knowledge, Lisbon.
Scientific program - CIM is organizing two conferences: MECC 2013 -
International Conference and Advanced School Planet Earth, Mathematics of Energy
and Climate Change, (18-28 March 2013) and DGS 2013 - International
Conference and Advanced School Planet Earth, Dynamics, Games and Science,
(26 August - 7 September 2013) (http://mpe2013.us2.list-manage.com/track/click?u=f59ce33759e67baa06b045721&id=e8d3fffd67&e=d1dcddb9b2).
SPM is organizing the SPM Summer School, to take place at the MNHNCUL in September 2013.
Activities for the general public - the six partners are preparing several
activities for the general public, with the purpose of raising the public
awareness for mathematics of planet Earth: Exhibitions – IMAGINARY – Mathematics and Nature (MCUC),
Forms and Formulas (MNHNCUL) and 360o - CIÊNCIA DESCOBERTA (Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian),
an exhibition on Portuguese and Spanish Science during the 15th and 16th centuries.
Furthermore, the MCUC and MNHNCUL will host and display modules of the MPE2013 virtual exhibition competition.
Competitions - There are several national competitions publicizing MPE2013.
Special days – The partners will celebrate International Earth's Day (April 22),
the 94th anniversary of the observation of the total eclipse in Principe Island,
which validated Einstein's Theory of Relativity (May 29), the Summer Solstice
(21 of June) and the Solar Eclipse visible from Principe Island (November 3).
Interdisciplinary activities - In order to involve scientists and specialists
from other areas of expertise to MPE2013 activities, several national projects
were created in order to promote interdisciplinary science communication to non specialist audiences.
cont'
Trả lờiXóa-----------------------------
7. MPE2013 IN INDIA
The main MPE2013 partner in India is The International Centre for Theoretical
Sciences of the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
(ICTS-TIFR). The MPE2013 activities in India began with the Srinivas
Ramanujan Lectures by Andrew Majda of Courant Institute and an
associated week-long discussion meeting on "Mathematical Perspectives
on Clouds, Climate, and Tropical Meteorology'' during 22-26 January
2013 at the ICTS, Bangalore (www.icts.res.in/lecture/details/1631/).
An upcoming MPE2013 ICTS program is on "Advanced dynamical
core modeling for atmospheric and oceanic circulations'' during
18-23 February 2013 at the National Atmospheric Research Laboratory (NARL),
Gadanki, Andhra Pradesh, India. Two more such events are under planning.
ICTS and TIFR Centre for Applicable Mathematics (CAM) have partnered
to announce "Explore \& Exhibit: an Intercollegiate All-India
Exhibition Competition'' for MPE2013 exhibition modules, along the lines
of the international MPE competition. It is hoped that students, individuals,
faculty, and researchers from different institutes within the country will be
excited to learn about and to express in an engaging manner some of the
mathematics underlying the various processes on the Planet Earth, and
submit an entry to this competition. The best ideas will be shortlisted
by an eminent panel of judges and selected to be awarded and showcased
in an exhibition of physical and virtual modules. Such an exhibition will
be hosted by ICTS towards the end of the year.
ICTS and CAM are also conducting many related activities such as workshops
for college students, camps for school students, public lectures to spread
the awareness amongst the general public.
-----------------------------
Dear Co.H.Tran
Trả lờiXóaThe eleventh annual Wolfram Science Summer School (formerly the
NKS Summer School) is in a few months, and we would like to
invite you to apply. The three-week, tuition-free summer program
will be held at Bentley University in Waltham, Massachusetts from
July 1 through July 19, 2013. The Wolfram Science Summer School
is hosted by Wolfram Research, makers of Mathematica and the
computational knowledge engine Wolfram|Alpha, and Stephen
Wolfram, world-renowned author of A New Kind of Science (NKS).
http://www.wolframscience.com/summerschool
We are looking for highly motivated individuals who want to get
involved with original research at the frontiers of science. Our
participants come from many diverse backgrounds, but share a
common passion to discover and explore cutting-edge ideas. Over
the past 10 years, they have included graduate students,
undergraduates, professors, industry professionals, artists, and
even a few exceptional high school students.
If accepted to the Summer School, you will work directly with
others in the Wolfram Science community, including Stephen
Wolfram and a staff of instructors who have made significant
contributions to NKS and Wolfram|Alpha. You will develop your own
original project that could become the foundation of published
papers or your thesis.
Take a look at the lecture notes from previous years to get a
sense of what topics will be covered:
http://www.wolframscience.com/summerschool/resources
If you're serious about getting involved with innovative ideas at
the core of Wolfram Science and NKS, you should consider applying
as soon as possible.
Apply online at:
http://www.wolframscience.com/summerschool/application.cgi
Todd Rowland, PhD
Wolfram Science Summer School Academic Director
Catherine Boucher, PhD
Wolfram Science Summer School Program Director